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Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Abstract

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organic compounds that have not been extensively studied in natural environments. The current study aimed to explore how PFASs, including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA), perfluorotetradecanoate (PFTeDA), and perfluorobutanoate (PFBA), affect rice plants and influence their metabolism. These substances had a notable impact on root and shoot growth, reducing fresh and dry weights across various treatments compared to the control. These attributes were the least affected by PFOS treatment. PFBA treatment had significant adverse effects on chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll levels, followed by the effects of PFHxA and PFTeDA. Roots and shoots of rice also exhibited considerably reduced levels of mineral ions, including Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+, under all PFAS treatments. For all three minerals, the reduction caused by PFBA was the greatest. The highest malondialdehyde content was recorded in the PFBA treatment, which was 139% higher than the control. There was a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes—such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and ascorbic acid (ASA)—in PFAS-treated plants compared with the controls. The treatment with PFBS was the most effective, increasing superoxide dismutase production by 140% compared to the control. The study found that, except for PFOS, peroxidase (POD) concentrations remained restricted or showed no significant difference from the control. Superoxide dismutase was positively correlated with glutathione and other physiological attributes. A significant relationship was also observed between malondialdehyde levels and antioxidant activity. The findings provide valuable insights into rice-PFAS interactions, offering data that could support food security and environmental protection.

Author ORCID Identifier

MARYAM ALOMRAN: 0000-0001-9410-9792

MUHAMMAD AQEEL: 0000-0003-0690-4783

NOREEN KHALID: 0000-0001-6503-4082

NOREEN AKHTER: 0000-0003-2815-3925

MUHAMMAD IRSHAD: 0000-0002-0702-086X

SULIMAN ALGHANEM: 0009-0001-9040-9277

FAHAD ALZUAIBR: 0000-0002-3288-2584

SAHER NAWAZ: 0000-0001-8188-0705

OMAR ALZOUBI: 0000-0001-8735-5442

MUHAMMAD AKBAR: 0009-0008-6897-7041

ALI NOMAN: 0000-0002-4159-199X

DOI

10.55730/1300-011X.3321

Keywords

Ecosystem, rice, PFAS, toxicity, uptake

First Page

1017

Last Page

1028

Publisher

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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