Monitoring the developmental stages of Calendula officinalis L. nutrients efficacy under hot weather mitigation through nutrients in Haripur, Pakistan

Authors

WASEEM AHMEDFollow
RAFIA AZMATFollow
SHAH MASAUD KHANFollow
ABDUL QAYYUMFollow
WASEEM HASSANFollow
ADNAN NOOR SHAHFollow
MUHAMMAD HADI ABBASFollow
FATIMA M. ABBASFollow
TAHANI A.Y. ASSERIFollow
AHMET HAKAN ÜRÜŞANFollow

Abstract

This study examines the effect of different doses of N and P fertilizer on Calendula officinalis L. (marigold) during the hot weather in summer (May–July) in Pakistan. The aim was to determine whether fertilization can help minimize the impacts of climate change. During the summer peak seasons (May, June, and July), the trial was conducted in potted plants with different N and P application levels to monitor the quality and quantity of C. officinalis. The results showed that the interactive effects (N × P) gave higher values for plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, leaf length, and number of branches. The application of P only gives more flowers. In May and July, maximum values of malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll, and lipid peroxidation were observed in leaves. The change in Li and K was measured in May and June, with slight differences observed in July. The phytochemicals, such as total phenolic contents (84.41 mg GAE/g), total antioxidants (36.3% DPPH), total carotenoids, and total flavonoid contents (16.2 and 0.9 mg/100 g), were found to be highest with the interactive effects of both N and P doses in the 2 years of study. It was concluded that higher doses of both N and P effectively controlled flower loss and improved the quality of florets in hot weather.

Author ORCID Identifier

WASEEM AHMED: 0000-0001-5658-6643

RAFIA AZMAT: 0000-0002-9035-806X

SHAH MASAUD KHAN: 0000-0002-5122-734X

ABDUL QAYYUM: 0000-0001-5322-7936

WASEEM HASSAN: 0000-0003-3184-8488

ADNAN NOOR SHAH: 0000-0002-3722-8848

MUHAMMAD HADI ABBAS: 0000-0001-6950-8986

FATIMA ABBAS: 0000-0003-3297-1488

TAHANI ASSERI: 0009-0002-8207-7732

AHMET ÜRÜŞAN: 0000-0002-6726-1008

DOI

10.55730/1300-011X.3296

Keywords

Calendula officinalis, advanced, climatic design, technologies

First Page

673

Last Page

690

Publisher

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Recommended Citation

AHMED, W, AZMAT, R, MASAUD KHAN, S, QAYYUM, A, HASSAN, W, NOOR SHAH, A, HADI ABBAS, M, ABBAS, F. M, ASSERI, T. A, & ÜRÜŞAN, A. H (2025). Monitoring the developmental stages of Calendula officinalis L. nutrients efficacy under hot weather mitigation through nutrients in Haripur, Pakistan. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 49 (4): 673-690. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-011X.3296