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Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Author ORCID Identifier

MUHAMMAD UMAIR HASSAN: 0000-0003-4651-4982

ADNAN SHAH: 0000-0002-3722-8848

MUHAMMAD NAWAZ: 0000-0002-1166-9178

MUHAMMAD INZAMAM-UL-HAQ: 0009-0000-2747-786X

TAHIR ABBAS KHAN: 0009-0004-6700-2809

MEHMOOD NOOR: 0000-0003-2459-2357

FANG LUO: 0009-0000-7795-2518

REHAB O. ELNOUR: 0000-0003-3274-2108

MOHAMED HASHEM: 0000-0003-2593-3387

HUANG GUOQIN: 0009-0004-3159-7644

DOI

10.55730/1300-011X.3223

Abstract

Chromium (Cr) is an extremely toxic metal for all living organisms and its concentration in the environment is constantly increasing due to human activities. Plants quickly absorb the Cr subsequently, it enters the human food chain and poses serious health issues. Chromium toxicity causes a serious reduction in plant growth by inducing oxidative damage and disturbing protein synthesis, enzyme activity, and nutrient uptake. Plants use diverse mechanisms to mitigate the Cr toxicity however, they are inadequate against higher concentrations of Cr. Thus is essential to diminish Cr toxicity and increase the ability of plants to tolerate Cr stress. Nano-particles (NPs) mitigate the toxicity of Cr by reducing its uptake and accumulation and improving antioxidant activities, nutrient homeostasis, photosynthetic efficiency, osmolyte synthesis, and maintaining hormonal balance. The complex interaction between NPs with microbes, signaling molecules, and hormones also significantly counter Cr toxicity. The present review aimed to discuss the various mechanisms of NPs for mitigating Cr toxicity. In addition, the present review also discusses the various research gaps for better utilization of NPs to mitigate Cr toxicity and improve crop growth and yield. Therefore, this review will offer new insights into the role of NPs in mitigating Cr toxicity.

Keywords

Chromium, gene expression, microbial activity, nanoparticles, nutrient homeostasis

First Page

808

Last Page

824

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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