Exploring the efficiency of nitrogenated carbon quantum dots/TiO2 S-scheme heterojunction in photodegradation of ciprofloxacin in aqueous environments

Authors

YILMAZ ATEŞFollow
ZAFER EROĞLUFollow
ÖZKAN AÇIŞLIFollow
ÖNDER METİNFollow
SEMRA KARACAFollow

Author ORCID Identifier

YILMAZ ATEŞ: 0000-0003-0965-6279

ZAFER EROĞLU: 0000-0002-0601-2526

ÖZKAN AÇIŞLI: 0000-0002-4465-0916

ÖNDER METİN: 0000-0003-1622-4992

SEMRA KARACA: 0000-0001-8627-5803

DOI

10.55730/1300-0527.3679

Abstract

The usability of polyvinyl chloride-based quaternary triethanol ammonium chloride anionite (PVC-TEAC) as a potential extractant for tungstate was investigated to recover tungstate from Gabal Qash Amir, Egypt, assaying 70.91% WO3. Structure elucidation for PVC-TEAC anionite was successfully carried out using several techniques. Experimental measurements, such as pH, agitation time, initial tungsten concentration, anionite dose, co-ions, temperature, and eluting agents, have been optimized. It was found that PVC-TEAC anionite has a maximum capacity of 63 mg per gram. From the distribution isotherm modeling, Langmuir’s model fits the experimental results better than Freundlich’s, with a theoretical value of 61.728 mg g–1. According to kinetic modeling, the first- and second-order modeling may be regarded as a mixed modeling for a successful adsorption system. Thermodynamic prospects reveal that the adsorption process was predicted as an exothermic, spontaneous, and preferable adsorption at low temperatures. Tungsten ions can be eluted from the loaded anionite, by 1M H2SO4 with a 97% efficiency rate. It was found that PVC-TEAC anionite reveals good separation factor (S.F.) towards most of co-ions. A successful Alkali fusion with NaOH flux followed by tungstate recovery by PVC-TEAC anionite is used to obtain a high-purity tungsten oxide concentrate (WO3), with a tungsten content of 78.3% and a purity of 98.75%.

Keywords

Nitrogen-doped cCarbon quantum dots, green synthesis, TiO2, S-scheme heterojunction, photocatalyst, cCiprofloxacin degradation

First Page

550

Last Page

567

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Recommended Citation

ATEŞ, YILMAZ; EROĞLU, ZAFER; AÇIŞLI, ÖZKAN; METİN, ÖNDER; and KARACA, SEMRA (2024) "Exploring the efficiency of nitrogenated carbon quantum dots/TiO2 S-scheme heterojunction in photodegradation of ciprofloxacin in aqueous environments," Turkish Journal of Chemistry: Vol. 48: No. 4, Article 4. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3679
Available at: https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/chem/vol48/iss4/4