Turkish Journal of Physics
Abstract
We study the 1/c expansion of general relativity within a formulation that is compatible with both the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner and the Kol-Smolkin decompositions. The Einstein-Hilbert action takes a common form for those decompositions as they are dual to each other. We first develop a method to expand this generic form and then push the expansion up to c−3 order within this novel approach. Next, we apply our technique to the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner decomposition and expand it up to c−3 order explicitly. In order to demonstrate the applicability of our method and to highlight the duality at the level of expansion, we also perform the expansion in the Kol-Smolkin decomposition up to c−1 order. Lastly, we make some all-order observations.
Author ORCID Identifier
MAHMUT ELBİSTAN: 0000-0002-4802-7152
DOI
10.55730/1300-0101.2800
Keywords
large c expansion, 3 + 1 decomposition of general relativity, nonrelativistic gravity
First Page
37
Last Page
58
Publisher
The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Recommended Citation
ELBİSTAN, M (2026). The 1/c expansion of general relativity in a 3+1 formulation, revisited. Turkish Journal of Physics 50 (1): 37-58. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0101.2800