Inflammatory changes in the prepuce and clinical findings according to the stages of phimosis

Authors

GÜL DOĞANFollow
DİLEK YILMAZFollow
HÜLYA İPEKFollow
MEHMET METİNFollow
HANDE AFŞARLARFollow
ÇAĞATAY EVRİM AFŞARLARFollow

Abstract

Background/aim: Circumcision refers to the surgical removal of all or part of the prepuce. Circumcision is commonly performed on males in childhood to prevent urinary tract infections and for religious reasons. This study was designed to investigate the inflammatory processes in the prepuce according to the degree of phimosis in patients who underwent circumcision.Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective study on 173 male children under the age of 18 who underwent circumcision between June and September 2024. A comprehensive physical examination of the genitourinary system was performed. Foreskin retraction was assessed and recorded using the Kikiros grading score, and an elective surgical appointment was scheduled accordingly.Results: As the age of the patient decreases, phimosis appears to be more advanced. In Stage 2 phimosis, where the foreskin is more covered, mild to moderate inflammation is observed, whereas in Stage 1 phimosis, where the foreskin is moderately covered, severe inflammation is noted. This suggests that the partial constriction in Stage 1 phimosis may facilitate contamination from external sources.Discussion: It is known that circumcision in boys reduces urinary tract infections. This study investigated the inflammatory processes in the prepuce according to the degrees of phimosis. The results indicate that performing circumcision at younger ages is beneficial for preventing ascending urinary infections and reducing the need for antibiotic treatment.

Author ORCID Identifier

GÜL DOĞAN: 0000-0002-3281-9323

DİLEK YILMAZ: 0000-0003-4193-4558

HÜLYA İPEK: 0000-0002-3496-8939

MEHMET METİN: 0000-0002-3093-5435

HANDE AFŞARLARKAHRAMAN: 0000-0002-2732-4887

ÇAĞATAY EVRİM AFŞARLAR: 0000-0002-7716-8050

DOI

10.55730/1300-0144.5963

Keywords

children, Circumcision, Kikiros grade, phimosis

First Page

237

Last Page

241

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Recommended Citation

DOĞAN, GÜL; YILMAZ, DİLEK; İPEK, HÜLYA; METİN, MEHMET; AFŞARLAR, HANDE; and AFŞARLAR, ÇAĞATAY EVRİM (2025) "Inflammatory changes in the prepuce and clinical findings according to the stages of phimosis," Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences: Vol. 55: No. 1, Article 27. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0144.5963
Available at: https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/vol55/iss1/27