Biquandle virtual brackets and virtual knotoids

Authors

• NESLİHAN GÜGÜMCÜFollow
• HAMDİ KAYASLANFollow

Author ORCID Identifier

NESLİHAN GÜGÜMCÜ: 0009-0002-2236-4107

HAMDİ KAYASLAN: 0000-0002-2928-7194

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce invariants of virtual knotoids based on biquandles and biquandle virtual brackets. We show that one of these invariants, namely biquandle virtual bracket matrix, is a proper enhancement of the other invariants introduced in this paper.

DOI

10.55730/1300-0098.3674

Keywords

Knots, knotoids, thickened surfaces, biquandles

First Page

651

Last Page

674

Publisher

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Recommended Citation

GÜGÜMCÜ, N, & KAYASLAN, H (2026). Biquandle virtual brackets and virtual knotoids. Turkish Journal of Mathematics 50 (4): 651-674. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0098.3674