Biharmonic curves in warped product manifolds I ×_fMⁿ(c)

Authors

• ŞABAN GÜVENÇFollow
• CİHAN ÖZGÜRFollow

Author ORCID Identifier

ŞABAN GÜVENÇ: 0000-0001-6254-4693

CİHAN ÖZGÜR: 0000-0002-4579-7151

Abstract

We explore the geometric properties of biharmonic curves in warped product manifolds of the form I ×_f Mⁿ(c), where I is an open interval and Mⁿ(c) is a space of constant curvature. By establishing a main theorem, we analyze four distinct cases to reveal deeper curvature-related characteristics of these curves, including situations where they are slant. Finally, we construct three examples in I ×_f S²(1).

DOI

10.55730/1300-0098.3670

Keywords

Biharmonic curve, warped product manifold, space form

First Page

575

Last Page

592

Publisher

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Recommended Citation

GÜVENÇ, Ş, & ÖZGÜR, C (2026). Biharmonic curves in warped product manifolds I ×_fMⁿ(c). Turkish Journal of Mathematics 50 (4): 575-592. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0098.3670