Turkish Journal of Chemistry
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of synthetic sulfenimides on biodiesel–diesel fuel blends. Three previously synthesized sulfenimide derivatives were structurally characterized using spectroscopic techniques. We evaluated their antioxidant properties through phosphomolybdenum activity and reducing power capacity assays. The tested fuel samples were designated as D100, B10D90, B10D90_AA (ascorbic acid), B10D90_3, B10D90_2, and B10D90_1. The effect of adding 2000 ppm of the additive was measured using an Oxifast instrument following the ASTM D7545 standard, and the results were compared to those of the chemical antioxidant ascorbic acid. Inhibition time values were derived from the oxidation stability results. The starting temperatures for crystallization (Tc) of the mixtures were found using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the measured temperatures were –7.24, –7.64, –7.89, –8.06, –8.39, and –8.52 °C. FT-IR spectra exhibited characteristic absorption bands associated with antioxidant functional groups, which means the sulfenimide compounds were successfully added. The addition of sulfenimides improved the oxidative stability of biodiesel blends. Furthermore, we conducted thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at multiple heating rates to investigate the thermal decomposition kinetics of the sulfenimides. The activation energies for compounds 1, 2, and 3 were calculated using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) method and were found to be 125.28, 111.34, and 88.11 kJ mol– ¹, respectively.
Author ORCID Identifier
NALAN TÜRKÖZ KARAKULLUKÇU: 0000-0001-7774-4970
HASAN YAKAN: 0000-0002-4428-4696
VOLKAN YILMAZ: 0000-0001-8203-2900
HALİT MUĞLU: 0000-0001-8306-2378
SEMİHA YENİGÜN: 0000-0002-1979-5427
HALİL KÜTÜK: 0000-0002-8135-7874
DOI
10.55730/1300-0527.3777
Keywords
Sulfenimides, kinetic study, antioxidant, biodiesel, inhibitory effect
First Page
21
Last Page
37
Publisher
The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Recommended Citation
TÜRKÖZ KARAKULLUKÇU, N, YAKAN, H, YILMAZ, V. M, MUĞLU, H, YENİGÜN, S, & KÜTÜK, H (2026). Antioxidant potential of sulfenimides in waste walnut oil biodiesel: kinetic stability, phosphomolybdenum activity, and reducing power capacity. Turkish Journal of Chemistry 50 (1): 21-37. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3777
