Turkish Journal of Chemistry
Abstract
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) was carried out with sumac fruit extract using a microwave-assisted (MWA) method and a traditional method (TDM). The properties of nanoparticles synthesized by both methods were characterized and compared.Although both methods are environmentally friendly, the MWA method was faster, more efficient, and economical. When creating Ag-NPs, variables like temperature, pH, reaction duration, extract concentration, and silver ion concentration were considered. The production of Ag-NPs was confirmed by ultraviolet–visible spectra that displayed the surface plasmon resonance band centered at 433 and 436 nm in the MWA and TDM techniques, respectively. The results of the scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated that the nanoparticles were spherical in structure and that the amount of Ag was significantly higher than that of other elements. According to transmission electron microscopy analysis, particle sizes were 22 nm with the TDM method, while particle sizes were 41.85 nm with the MWA method. However, the MWA method had more uniformly dispersed and homogeneous particle sizes. Conductivity measurements of Ag-NPs solutions were obtained following each cycle of washing. Subsequent to 3 cycles of washing, the conductivity approached that of deionized water, indicating the effective removal of unreacted ions. In our study, a significant increase was detected in the antibacterial and antifungal activities of Ag-NPs. Furthermore, both Ag-NPs inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells and showed a selective anticancer effect against intestinal cancer cells without showing toxicity (all cell viability values >70%) to healthy control L929 fibroblast cells. This study is the first comparative analysis of TDM and MWA methods using sumac for both antimicrobial and anticancer assessment.
Author ORCID Identifier
MELEK HINIS: 0000-0002-6618-3992
TUĞÇE KARADUMAN YEŞİLDAL: 0000-0003-0728-0968
DEMET ERDÖNMEZ: 0000-0002-5331-2206
AYFER MENTEŞ: 0000-0003-3946-4075
DOI
10.55730/1300-0527.3751
Keywords
Antimicrobial, anticancer, green synthesis, silver, sumac, microwave-assisted synthesis
First Page
532
Last Page
548
Publisher
The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Recommended Citation
HINIS, M, KARADUMAN YEŞİLDAL, T, ERDÖNMEZ, D, & MENTEŞ, A (2025). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using sumac fruit by microwave and traditional methods: characterization, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. Turkish Journal of Chemistry 49 (5): 532-548. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3751
