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Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Abstract

Climbazole (CBZ) is an antifungal active pharmaceutical ingredient often used in antidandruff products. In this study, the ketone group in the racemic CBZ molecule was reduced to synthesize CBZ-alcohol, named 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol, and the optimum adsorption conditions were investigated for removing iron(II) (Fe2+) ions from wastewater by adsorption from aqueous solutions using the economical and environmentally friendly ultrasonic method. The parameters and levels used in the study were designed using response surface methodology and model equations were derived to optimize the results. The independent variables selected were the initial pH (1, 3, and 5), adsorption time (30, 45, and 60 min), adsorption temperature (40, 60, and 80 °C), and Fe2+ ions consumption percentage from the wastewater. Experiments were conducted on a real wastewater sample taken from the Uşak Organized Industrial Zone. Conditions that maximize each dependent variable were specified separately and verification experiments were conducted under these conditions. Maximum Fe2+ ion consumption was 91.83%. The R2 value of the model was 0.9598. The findings demonstrate that CBZ-alcohol was effective as an adsorbent in Fe2+ ion removal from aqueous solution.

Author ORCID Identifier

MELEK GÖKMEN KARAKAYA: 0000-0001-7178-6790

BAHDİŞEN GEZER: 0000-0002-2096-7185

ABDULLAH MENZEK: 0000-0001-6177-7532

ÖZLEM GÜNDOĞDU AYTAÇ: 0000-0002-6943-9674

DOI

10.55730/1300-0527.3729

Keywords

Climbazole-alcohol, sodium borohydride, response surface methodology, optimization, iron(ll) ions, wastewater treatment

First Page

279

Last Page

292

Publisher

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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