Turkish Journal of Biology
Abstract
Background/aim: The global shift toward sustainable and organic alternatives in cosmetics and personal care has created a demandfor innovative and environmentally conscious formulations. This study aimed to develop novel natural ointments using beeswax andgrape seed (GS) and pomegranate peel (PP) extracts infused in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), and determine the physicochemicalcharacteristics, microbiological properties, and antioxidant activity as a way to valorize organic waste toward its application in thecosmetic industry. The research aimed to promote sustainability and effectiveness in the cosmetic industry.Materials and methods: Microbial analysis was performed on the oils and ointments, followed by the extraction of active compoundsusing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The chemical profiles of the extracts were analyzed through thin-layer chromatography, while gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for compound identification and quantification. In vitro assays wereconducted to assess the antioxidant activity of the extracts. The physical properties of the formulated ointments (organoleptic properties,homogeneity, pH, water resistance, skin absorption, topical sensitivity, and stability) were evaluated for potential topical applications.Results: The DMSO extracts from the GSs and PP-infused EVOO exhibited significant antioxidant activity. The GC-MS analysis revealedan increase in oleic acid content, ranging from 61.46% in pure EVOO to 72.49% in the infused samples, enhancing their suitability forskin health. The ointments demonstrated favorable physical properties. Microbial analysis confirmed no detectable contamination,ensuring the safety of the formulations for topical use.Conclusion: The EVOO-based ointments enriched with GS and PP extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity, stability, waterresistance, and moisturizing properties. The use of phenolic compounds and natural ingredients like beeswax and olive oil underscoresthe potential of agricultural byproducts in creating sustainable, ecofriendly cosmetics, with promising applications in skincare andtherapy.
Author ORCID Identifier
MEBARKA IMANE BENGUECHOUA: 0000-0002-7836-8935
MADJDA BENGUECHOUA: 0000-0002-9411-330X
KHEDIDJA BENAROUS: 0000-0001-9112-6730
ALAEDDINE KAOUKA: 0000-0002-1118-7603
MOHAMED YOUSFI: 0000-0003-3947-9867
DOI
10.55730/1300-0152.2721
Keywords
Grape and pomegranate byproducts, infused olive oil, cosmetic formulations, antioxidant, skincare
First Page
28
Last Page
39
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Recommended Citation
BENGUECHOUA, MEBARKA IMANE; BENGUECHOUA, MADJDA; BENAROUS, KHEDIDJA; KAOUKA, ALAEDDINE; and YOUSFI, MOHAMED
(2025)
"Enhanced formulation and comprehensive analysis of novel natural ointments withgrape seed and pomegranate peel infused in olive oil,"
Turkish Journal of Biology: Vol. 49:
No.
1, Article 3.
https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0152.2721
Available at:
https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/biology/vol49/iss1/3
