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Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Author ORCID Identifier

YAVUZ GÜLER: 0000-0003-3072-8978

MUSTAFA NALBANTOĞLU: 0000-0001-8115-9758

IBRAHIM KAYA: 0000-0002-8393-1358

Abstract

This research presents a proportional-integral-derivative plus second order derivative (PIDD2) controller design based on the Direct Synthesis Method (DSM) for load frequency control (LFC) of interconnected power systems. The parameters of the proposed PIDD2 controller are determined using the DSM, which offers an analytical approach for tuning. The design approaches have been developed specifically for single, two, and three-area power systems, encompassing nonreheated and reheated thermal turbines. In the proposed design method, the best values of PIDD2 controller parameters were found by using a multicriteria objective function that includes the integral of absolute error (IAE) and settling time. In response to load variation for single- and multiarea power systems, the proposed design method is compared with some existing methods in terms of performance evaluation criteria such as settling times, peak values, and multicriteria objective function (JP ) of frequency and tie-line power deviations. When the results are analyzed, the proposed design method exhibits superior performance compared to other design approaches concerning frequency and tie-line power deviation. Moreover, the robustness and superiority of the proposed design approach were confirmed under both ±25% and ±50% parameter variations, with frequency-domain stability assessed via Bode analysis and performance evaluated under nonlinearities, including governor dead-band (GDB) and generation rate constraint (GRC); results from hybrid systems incorporating renewable sources and sinusoidal load perturbations further demonstrate enhanced damping, strong stability margins, and high resilience against parametric uncertainties.

DOI

10.55730/1300-0632.4279

Keywords

Load frequency control, power systems, direct synthesis, proportional-integral-derivative plus second order derivative (PIDD2)

First Page

855

Last Page

878

Publisher

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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