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Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Author ORCID Identifier

ABDELBASSET AZZOUZ: 0009-0002-0748-7213

RACHID BOUHMIDI: 0000-0002-2983-9710

MOHAMMED CHETIOUI: 0000-0001-9325-0188

REDOUANE BERBER: 0009-0002-4552-5751

AHMED AL-GBURI: 0000-0002-5305-3937

Abstract

This work focuses on developing a compact multiband antenna to meet the growing demand for versatile and efficient radiating structures in modern wireless communication systems. A hexagonal fractal antenna is proposed and analyzed for applications such as mobile communications, WLAN, industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) bands, Wi-Fi, satellite links, radar systems, and military communications. By iteratively modifying the antenna geometry with larger hexagonal elements, the design enhances multiband behavior and improves key performance parameters including gain, S11, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and radiation characteristics. The antenna is modeled using high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS)® and fabricated on a low-cost 0.8 mm FR4 substrate (εr = 4.7, loss tangent = 0.0197). Experimental validation is performed using a vector network analyzer. The antenna exhibits resonances at 1.75, 3.14, 4.23, 4.63, 5.59, 6.08, and 9.84 GHz with corresponding bandwidths of 90, 60, 60, 70, 40, 100, and 220 MHz, and achieves a peak simulated gain of 14.42 dBi. The proposed geometry enables multiband operation across several discrete frequency ranges.

DOI

10.55730/1300-0632.4199

Keywords

Antennas, fractal antennas, multiband antenna, nested hexagonal, wireless applications

First Page

721

Last Page

738

Publisher

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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